What to decide first
Consider the harm, the parties involved, the available evidence, and whether an attorney review may help.
Case focus
Federal Civil Rights Litigation
A taser is a significant use of force. Whether a deployment was unconstitutional depends on the circumstances, including the perceived threat, resistance, restraint status, warnings, medical vulnerability, and governing law.
Evidence to preserve
The person may have been restrained, compliant, or no longer posing a threat.
Records may show multiple applications or use after the circumstances changed.
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01
When Taser Use Becomes Excessive Force
The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable force by law enforcement. Whether a taser deployment was excessive depends on the totality of the circumstances, including:
- The severity of the crime at issue
- Whether the subject posed an immediate threat to the officer or others
- Whether the subject was actively resisting or attempting to flee
Under the objective-reasonableness analysis associated with Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989), restraint, compliance, resistance, threat, warnings, and a known medical or mental-health crisis may all affect the constitutional analysis. No single fact resolves every case.
02
Taser Scenarios That May Require Detailed Review
- Drive-Stun on a Restrained Person: The review may examine whether direct-contact use occurred after handcuffing or other restraint and what need for force remained.
- Repeated Deployments: Device data and video may show whether additional cycles occurred after the threat or resistance changed.
- Medical or Behavioral Crisis: Symptoms, officer knowledge, training, medical response, and other force or restraint may matter.
- Taser Use in Jails: The applicable constitutional standard may depend on custody status, the purpose of the force, and the surrounding facts.
- Serious Injury or Death: Medical and forensic evidence is needed to evaluate causation when a serious event follows deployment.
03
Evidence in Taser Cases
- Device Data: Some devices or related systems retain deployment information such as timing, duration, or cycle count.
- Body Camera Footage: Did the officer activate their body camera? Does the footage show compliance or resistance at the moment of deployment?
- Use of Force Reports: What justification did the officer document? Does it match the video evidence?
- Medical Records: What injuries resulted? Were there burns, cardiac events, or falls caused by neuromuscular incapacitation?
- Department Policy: What does the department's use-of-force policy say about taser deployment? Was the policy followed?
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